Is therapeutic hypothermia beneficial for preterm babies up to 36 weeks gestation?

Therapeutic hypothermia is a medical intervention primarily used in cases of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, particularly following birth asphyxia in full-term infants. The evidence supporting its use in preterm infants, especially those born before 36 weeks of gestation, is limited. Research has not demonstrated a significant benefit of therapeutic hypothermia for preterm infants, as their neurological outcomes can differ from those of term infants due to their unique developmental status and associated vulnerabilities.

In preterm infants, especially those below 36 weeks, the risk of complications and morbidities associated with hypothermia might outweigh the potential benefits. Their brains and body systems are still maturing, which can lead to different responses to temperature regulation interventions. Therefore, while this treatment is a critical component of care for certain full-term infants, its application for preterm babies does not show similar promise in improving outcomes, leading to the conclusion that it is not beneficial for this population.