What is a common complication associated with the use of bag-mask ventilation in newborns?

Gastric inflation and potential ventilator-induced lung injury are significant concerns associated with bag-mask ventilation in newborns. When providing positive pressure ventilation with a bag-mask device, there is a risk that air may be inadvertently directed into the stomach rather than the lungs. This gastric inflation can lead to increased intra-abdominal pressure, discomfort, and complications such as regurgitation or aspiration, particularly in newborns who have a high risk of these issues.

Furthermore, excessive pressure applied during ventilation can trauma the delicate lung tissues of a newborn, contributing to ventilator-induced lung injury. This injury can manifest as barotrauma or volutrauma, where the lung parenchyma is damaged due to overdistension or overly high pressures during ventilation.

Understanding these risks is crucial for healthcare providers who are involved in the resuscitation of newborns, as it emphasizes the importance of proper technique and monitoring during bag-mask ventilation to minimize potential complications.