What is the first intervention to administer if a newborn is apneic and has poor respiratory effort?

In the scenario where a newborn is apneic and has poor respiratory effort, the most immediate and critical intervention is to provide positive pressure ventilation. This action is essential because it helps to establish an adequate airway and ensure that the newborn receives the necessary oxygenation. When a newborn is not breathing effectively, positive pressure ventilation aids in delivering breaths to the lungs, which is vital for maintaining oxygen levels and preventing further complications from hypoxia.

By starting positive pressure ventilation promptly, healthcare providers can assist in overcoming the newborn's respiratory failure, allowing for better oxygenation of the blood, which is crucial for the newborn's survival. This intervention is a fundamental step in neonatal resuscitation practices.

Other options, while potentially relevant in the management of a newborn, are not the immediate priority in this situation. For instance, checking the airway for obstructions is important but would typically come before interventions like chest compressions or administering supplemental oxygen. Similarly, while supplemental oxygen may be beneficial after ventilating, it cannot replace the immediate need for establishing proper ventilation, particularly in the presence of apnea.