What is the result of apnoea in newborns?

Apnoea in newborns is characterized by a temporary cessation of breathing, which can lead to significant physiological changes. When apnoea occurs, the body responds to the lack of oxygen and increase in carbon dioxide levels by triggering reflexive responses. One of the primary effects is bradycardia, or a significant drop in heart rate. This is due to vagal stimulation caused by the hypoxia that results from the paused breathing.

During apnoea, blood pressure typically remains relatively stable initially as the body has compensatory mechanisms to maintain perfusion to vital organs. While heart rate decreases, the blood pressure does not immediately reflect the same level of distress, which is why this response can be observed in newborns experiencing apnoea. This phenomenon demonstrates the newborn's resilience but also indicates the need for prompt intervention to ensure the oxygenation and overall stability of the infant.

Understanding these physiological responses is vital for healthcare providers when managing newborns with respiratory issues.