What might an increase in breathing rate signify in a newborn?

An increase in breathing rate in a newborn can signify pain or discomfort. Newborns are not always able to verbalize their discomfort or pain, so physiological responses become indicators of their state. An elevated breathing rate can be a stress response, indicating that the newborn may be experiencing something distressing, whether it's due to a medical condition, environmental stressors, or other factors causing discomfort.

In contrast, improved oxygenation typically would result in a more stable or normal respiratory rate, rather than an increase. A calm and restful state is usually characterized by a slower breathing rate, while efficient thermal regulation involves the body maintaining a stable temperature, which is not directly linked to an increased respiratory rate. Thus, recognizing changes in breathing patterns is crucial in assessing the well-being of a newborn, particularly in identifying potential pain or discomfort.